The article considers the existing traditional interpretations of the principle of continuous education as well as the trends of change in understanding this principle in modern conditions. The author shows the shift of emphasis from the institutional characteristics of the system of education and educational activities, aimed at mastering the related and consecutive education programs, to the actualization of a student’s internal incentives and mechanisms of professional development and self-development realized through the use of all effective and available resources and opportunities.

The article analyzes the formation of gerontological education in the Russian Federation in the context of continuing education in the model «education through life». The authors consider tendencies, problems and prospects of development of gerontological education as an effective impulse to personal development of citizens throughout life and expansion of educational space for persons of the Third Age. Special attention is paid to the general experience and the key principles of modern adult education in the transparent educational space.

The article presents an analytical review of various interpretations of the concept of “educational environment”. The author describes the content of the quality criteria for educational environment from the standpoint of the holistic approach.

The article presents a research in pedagogical semiology as a branch of pedagogical science. The authors look at the ways of studying the semantics of the language means used in the textbook to give the students a picture of the world around them. The authors analyze a textbook reader on literature for the 5th grade (11-12 year-old students) giving a systematic and consistent insight into the concept of ‘Motherland’. The peculiarities of the language picture of the world offered to school students in textbooks are examined.

The article deals with the creation of an educative environment as one of the most important areas of work of educational organizations. The authors point out the shortage of qualified personnel capable of preparing students for councelor activities as well as the lack of special educational programs. Special attention is paid to student pedagogical teams and their potential for councelor activities. The possible ways of solving this professional problem are considered.

The article looks upon the work of a primary school teacher on the formation of adequate retrospective and prognostic self-esteem, goal-setting actions and planning in younger students in the context of educational activities. The authors show that the knowledge obtained in the course of this work create the necessary prerequisites for their subsequent transfer to the moral sphere and upbringing of readiness to make a free moral choice of action in younger schoolchildren.

The article considers the issues of innovation management in preschool institutions. The author provides a scientific basis for the approaches to the development of models for managing innovative processes. The directions that ensure the implementation of the tasks of the innovative development of an educational institution are highlighted, such as the restructuring of the content of preschool education, the organization of partnership of the teaching staff with parents, and methodological support for teachers.

The article highlights the problem of the necessity to work out new educational technologies required in course of the transition to the information society with the system of vocational education moving to the forefront of the knowledge-intensive economy and knowledge society. The authors give a detailed account of the mechanism of formation of the target component of the technology of learning in the example of the subject “Foreign Language”, with all its components considered in detail. Special attention is paid to the didactic interpretation and the development of the objective part of the target component as being the least concrete one.

The article explores the process of formation and evaluation of general competences of university graduates, including their readiness to solve professional problems. The author looks upon effective selection of education tools suitable not only for control and evaluation of the learners’ performance, but also for stimulating the learners to achieve good training results. The specific features of the use of the portfolio technology for the formation and evaluation of the learners’ general competencies in the realization of the main professional educational program at the university are considered.

The article is concerned with the peculiarities of teacher training in alternative schools in the United States. The author gives the concept of an alternative school in the USA and proposes a classification system of alternative schools. The main characteristics of charter, voucher and magnet schools are considered, the characteristics of the training of teachers of alternative schools in the USA are analyzed.

The article summarizes the experience of organizing interactive face-to-face and distance learning courses for teachers. The authors present a model of remote support of advanced teacher training courses in an electronic information and educational environment consisting of five blocks (resources, a dating forum, ways of organizing and conducting monitoring, communication tools, interactive interaction techniques). The interactive forms of the teacher development, such as tutorials, master classes and consultations, are described.

The article considers the theoretical foundations of the use of practices in the educational environment of higher education. The author claims that, in modern education, priority should be given to the personal initiative of the student, his cognitive initiative, the ability to realize knowledge in the educational and scientific process, as well as to creativity and team types of work. The author indicates that involvement of students into active learning in higher education presupposes the use of appropriate methods that should contribute to the expansion of the educational process into anthropological practice - the practice of developing the "human" in man.

The article presents the approach of the Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University to the organization of quasi-professional activities of students in the framework of their preparation for the summer teaching practice. The authors define the role of instructional briefings in such training. The data of surveys pointing to the effectiveness of the proposed approach are given.

The article explores the role of pedagogical educational practice in children's recreation organizations for career councelling. The author analyses the professional and pedagogical training of future counselors for working with children in summer camp conditions.

The article considers the issue of the formation of learning and cognitive competence of bachelors of pedagogical education on the basis of project activities in the process of self-study as an integral part of the educational process. The authors present the concept of educational and cognitive competence, highlight the skills needed to ensure the effectiveness of its formation, reveal the essence of the project activity in the process of learning a foreign language.

The article highlights the problem of the necessity of organizing methodological work on the prevention of lexical errors in the written speech of foreign students with advanced level of Russian. The authors present an analysis of lexical errors made by students of Chinese Philology in written Russian and propose a system of work on mastering the skill of using word collocations based on the material used for preparing for writing a training essay which helps to avoide mistakes in word usage and improve the students’ writing skills.

The article deals with the genesis of the concept of "modular technology" in student training. The author proves that the preparation of bachelors will be more effective if the discipline "Practical course of the English language" will be based primarily on the competence and problematic approaches based on the principles of modular training and technology, whose aim is to prepare learners for effective speech communication in English to achieve their professional goals.

The article deals with the concept of “discourse” and its structure. The author makes a detailed study of the classification of discourse disclosing the relationship and interrelation of the terms “discourse”, “text”, “speech”, and “dialogue”. It is concluded that “discourse” is a complex linguistic phenomenon that includes such components as text, speech, and dialogue, as well as extra-linguistic factors.

The article considers the problem of interdependence of the objective and subjective in the conceptual model of the “media fact”. The author shows that though a “media fact” is designed to contain independent information, it does not have the degree of objectivity desired by the audience. The author caims that the opposition pair “objectivity versus subjectivity” is an indicator of ambivalence in the interpretational layer of the conceptual field of a “media fact” which has led to the exit of its syntactic structure beyond the limits of proposition.

The article explores social support as a communicative process focused on optimizing communication. The author gives a list of criteria that makes it possible to characterize the support provided as effective and having a beneficial effect on the participants of the interaction. An overview of the conditions conducive to the successful realization of a communicative process is proposed.

The article deals with the communicative category of cooperativity which is considered as applied to oral university exam in the German linguistic culture. The author highlights discursive practices of designing cooperativity which are the most typical for this genre. The method of critical analysis of discourse has been used.

The article explores the marking theory introduced into morphology by a Russian linguist I. A. Melchuk which has not been sufficiently studied. The author examines and compares the traditional approach in morphology that focuses more on the study of morphological means and Melchuk's marking theory that contributes to the study of morphological meanings. The author points out that on the correlation “meaning - text” proposed in Melchuk's theory is a matter of great interest in Chinese linguistics. The concept and marking of morphological grammatical meanings proposed by Melchuk are clarified and commented on.

The article considers the problem of categorization of adjectives in the Russian language from the point of view of the expediency of singling out possessive adjectives as a separate category.

The article deals with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the structures of expressive syntax using the method of mathematical statistics. The analysis is performed as applied to various types of texts from the literary heritage of B. L. Pasternak.

The article presents the analysis of the metonymic model of space in the stories by A. Averchenko. The author reveals ways and means of representation of cultural objects in the metonymic transfer “old Russia - manor, new Russia - flat”, as well as patterns of reflection of cultural semantic categories of value in in the semantics of language units. Using the method of comparison the author shows that the basis of the formation of the artistic picture of the world of the writer is the contrast concluded in the opposition of the old and the new Russia. The given linguistic facts are examined through the prism of the sociocultural opposition “ours - others”.

The article is concerned with the functioning of the “container” metaphor as one of the leading types of ontological metaphors in the texts of films directed by E. Ryazanov. The author identifies and analyzes the models of conceptual metaphors associated with the concept of “container”. A detailed study of the data of metaphorical models is made to show a close connection between the processes of conceptualization of the surrounding reality and the spatial orientation of a person and to reveal the national-specific picture of the world.

The article is devoted to the study of media urbanism, or urban communication, as a new and promising direction in modern linguistic studies. The author makes a study of the epigraphy of Volgograd - a collection of small form texts, demonstrating vividly the linguistic image of the city. The “Chinese footprint” in the epigraphy of Volgograd is traced on the basis of data obtained by interviewing informants from Russia and China

The article presents the first study of the proverbs that existed in the dialects of Transbaikalian Cossacks of the village of Oryol at the beginning of the 20th century and recorded in the novel "Dauria" by K. F. Gray, describing the everyday life of these Cossacks. The main bulk of the proverbs considered has an instructive meaning, the rest are the results of generalized observations on the behavior of people and animals.

The article reverals the connection between language and culture, in particuar, the role of intercultural communication in aquiring Russian as a foreign language by students in Iranian universities. Special attention is paid to improving students’ oral skills in universities in Iran, as well as the prevalence of a communicative approach in learning. The authors explore the development of oral speech skills in Iranian students of Russian with reliance on speech etiquette formulas, as well as speech behavior of representatives of Russian and Iranian linguistic cultures.

The article tackles the question of communication risks associated with the spread of English in the era of globalization. The author shows that these risks entail changes, especially noticeable within the framework of economic discourse, which affect both the local language and global English itself. Examples from Russian and English are analyzed.

The article reveals the characteristic features of the syntax of advertising in English. The authors identify the functions of the advertising text, analyze the syntactic constructions of the advertisement discourse, specify their pragmatic aspects. Syntactic stylistic means are considered, their role in the construction of an effective advertising text is determined.

The author considers the basic types of motion picture epigraphs, their sources, design methods, and their location in the film frame. Using the main research methods, the descriptive method and the component analysis method, the author analyzes the structure of motion picture epigraphs, their place in the movie and their role in the perception of the film.

The article is concerned with figurative comparisons and their role in an artistic text. The author analyzes the structure of the concepts of “figurative comparison” and “non-figurative comparison” and delimits these concepts. An attempt is made to classify figurative comparisons according to the functional semantic categories of analogy, identity, equality, and correspondence.

The article deals with tautology as applied to German and Russian somatic phraseological units that make up a large proportion of the lexis of the languages under study and their ability to reflect the main trends in the phraseological system. The authors reveal the possibility to enhance various connotative signs of the meaning of fixed phrases by including tautological components in their structure.

The article deals with German phraseological units selected from the Duden dictionary which include currency unit names. The internal form of currency unit names is analyzed, the features of the meaning of phraseological units in the composition of semantic groups are considered.

The article consideres the artistic text as a carrier of stereotypical gender speech characteristics of the characters in a literary work, which makes it possible to obtain information about the changes taking place in modern society. The author studies the problems of written and oral speech behavior of men and women, in which such phenomena as femininity and masculinity are displayed in German literature, namely in female prose of the second half of the 20th century.

The article deals with the national and cultural specificity of the phraseological units of the Russian and Spanish languages, which contain biblical proper names in their component structure. The authors consider the problem in terms of forming interlanguage parallels.

The article presents an analysis of Chinese urban semiotics which makes it possible to trace the dynamic changes associated with social processes in Chinese society and to identify their national and cultural specifics. The study is conducted from the perspective of media urbanism, in which the city is interpreted as a complex communicative system, which is reflected in verbal and non-verbal semiotic signs.

The article reviews and analyzes the alleged names of the Spirit of Fire in Yakut folklore. The authors conclude that the Spirit of Fire doesn’t have a single name. All alleged names are the epithets from the archaic layer which complete the descriptive characteristic and the whole image of the Spirit of fire.

The aesthetic aspect of the virtual and the virtualization process are considered as phenomena that correspond to modern ideas about the nature of the creative process in general and the specific attitudes of individual authors in the poetic aspect.

The article reveals the features of the “quiet lyricism” as a artistic and aesthetic literary phenomenon of the Ukrainian sixties. The authors analyze the literary heritage of the Ukrainian poet Boris Mamaisur. The attention is focused on the main themes, the motives of his lyrics, his poetic “handwriting”, and the artistic and stylistic features of his works.

The article explores the stylistic and genre features of “Land of the Blessed Virgin; Sketches and impressions in Andalusia”, a work by W. S. Maugham. Based on the experience of research of domestic and foreign literary scholars, the authors define the genre of the work as “literary travelogue”.

The article deals with the image of Don Quixote which is considered to be a starting point in research of Spanish philosophers regarding the national Spanish identity. The author shows that Miguel de Cervantes succeeded in embodying the fundamental features of the Spanish national character and mentality in Don Quixote, as well as in reflecting the dualism of the Spanish national consciousness, embodied in a twofold image which unites the two main characters of the novel, Don Quixote and Sancho Panza.

The article explores the ideas of J. Locke, a famous English thinker. The works of foreign researchers of the political theory of J. Locke are analyzed.

The article consideres the human resources issue in the context of the educational policy of the Russian government during the period of liberal reforms of the 1860s - 1870s, as well as the state policy aimed at its implementation. Legal documents are analyzed, mechanisms for solving personnel problems in the field of legal education are disclosed.

The article is concerned with the mass movement of the population during the First World War from the western and south-western regions into the interior of the country which led to the creation of such special structural subdivisions as a governorate, a county and a volost. The author highlights the fact that, legally, the functions of these units were clearly divided, and the scope of work done for refugees within these units was quite high. The special features of working with refugees in the county-level city of Cherepovets of Novgorod governorate, are considered.

The article looks upon the complex process of organizing the Astrakhan Governorate Finance Department in the early years of the New Economic Policy. The author analyzes legislative sources and identifies the causes that hindered the process in the Astrakhan Governorate. The duties of financial inspectors and agents are considered diachronically. The regional peculiarities of this process are determined.