The article presents the first study of the proverbs that existed in the dialects of Transbaikalian Cossacks of the village of Oryol at the beginning of the 20th century and recorded in the novel "Dauria" by K. F. Gray, describing the everyday life of these Cossacks. The main bulk of the proverbs considered has an instructive meaning, the rest are the results of generalized observations on the behavior of people and animals.