Архив журнала

2020-2024


Founder:
«Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University»
(400066,
Lenina Ave., 27,
Volgograd, Russia)

Publisher:
«Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University»
(400066,
Lenina Ave., 27,
Volgograd, Russia)
e-mail:izvestia_vspu@mail.ru, izvestia@vspu.ru ),
phone (8442) 60-28-86

№2 (87) 2014
2014 г.
The modern theory of language
Categories of contrast and opposition in linguistic analysis
There are considered the basic theses concerning the essence and main regularities of functions of contrast and opposition that organize the formal and sense text structure.
Key words: оппозиция; контрарные отношения; контрадикторные отношения; теория фонологических оппозиций; противоречие; противопоставление; opposition; contrary relations; contradictory relations; theory of phonological oppositions; contradiction; opposition
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Language resistance as the factor of language policy
There is considered the phenomenon of language resistance by the example of the computer and gastronomic spheres of the French linguistic culture. There are revealed the measures of deliberate intensification of language resistance that favour the successful implementation of the language policy.
Key words: языковая политика; языковая резистентность; институт языковой политики; заимствование; лингвокультурная сфера; language policy; language resistance; institute of language policy; loanword; linguocultural sphere
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Shifts in semantic fields in actualization of peripheral noemata as the way of multivariate meaning creation
There is considered the interesting issue of the modern theory of meanings - actualization of definite relevant noemata in implementation of multivariate meaning. There are discussed the general principles of sense creation in the approach to the language as the system for creating signs and to the text as to speech work that provides new meanings.
Key words: смыслопорождение; ноэма; деривационная модель; полихронотоп; акт интендирования; суперструктура смысла; meaning creation; noema; derivational model; polychronotop; intending act; superstructure of meaning
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Polysemy phenomenon from the point of biosemiotics
Language is regarded as the means of orienting interaction of live systems, and the meaning of language form as a definite condition of human’s nervous system associated with the situation of interaction in whole. There is proved that as the result of regular repetition of one and the same language form applied to various conditions of communication there is formed the steady invariant core of the form’s meaning - lexical prototype.
Key words: биосемиотика; язык; знак; значение; полисемия; лексический прототип; biosemiotics; language; meaning; polysemy; lexical prototype
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Determination of typological parameters of special dictionaries in terminographic modeling
There is described the process of detection of typological parameters of special dictionaries that presupposes determination of its reader’s address and basic characteristics. The parametrical analysis of the dictionaries of the considered subject sphere indicates the drawbacks of lexicographic products of the knowledge sphere and helps to determine the ideal typological parameters of the modeled dictionary.
Key words: читательский адрес; типологический параметр; перспектива пользователя; параметрический анализ; reader’s address; typological parameter; user’s perspective; parametrical analysis
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Discourse markers as cognitive means of introduction of the new information
There are resumed the research results regarding the cognitive potential of discourse markers from the position of actualization and providing the correct interpretation of expressions that introduce new cognitive conceptions in the context of discursive correlation. The verification of the research results is carried out based on the authentic English language material with the use of the author’s method of automated text processing.
Key words: дискурс; дискурсные маркеры; когнитивный потенциал; когнитивные операторы; статистический анализ; автоматизированный анализ; discourse; discourse markers; cognitive potential; cognitive operators; statistic analysis; automated analysis
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Linguistic and extralinguistic representation of evaluation in anecdotes
There is considered the representation of words with the evaluative component based on anecdotes published in the regional press of the XIX-XX centuries. Special attention is paid to the debatable issue of interaction of evaluative and emotive components within one nomination.
Key words: языковая категория; оценка; эмотивность; анекдот; языковые средства; language category; evaluation; emotiveness; anecdote; language means
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Теория речевых жанров
Small talk as the universal phatic genre in the global communicative space
There is analyzed the genre of small talk projected at the study of its separate aspects, considered the forms of phatic communication of the contact type. There is noted the significance of the small talk genre from the point of its functions as the regulator of communication, and in the aspect of translation as the possibility to comprehend its universal, global and specific, ethnically and culturally conditioned characteristics.
Key words: small talk; фатический жанр; стереотипные формы общения; межкультурная коммуникация; перевод; small talk; phatic genre; stereotypic forms of communication; intercultural communication; translation
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Classification of comic speech genres of the communicative space of the Internet
There is covered the issue of the typology of comic speech genres that function in the Internet communication. There is proved that the classifications are connected with the choice of adequate criteria for describing genre peculiarities of the Internet.
Key words: речевые жанры; комическое; интернет-коммуникация; креолизованные тексты; интернет-мем; типология интернет-жанров; speech genres; the comic; Internet communication; creolized texts; Internet meme; typology of Internet genres
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Speech genre “Internet feedback of the tourist” in various discourse types
The speech genre “Internet feedback of the tourist” is regarded within the touristic, virtual and evaluative discourses marked out by subject, participants, intention and communication channel. In comparison with the adjoining speech genres included in the mentioned discourses, there are determined its characteristics.
Key words: речевой жанр; отзыв туриста; туристический дискурс; виртуальный дискурс; оценочный дискурс; speech genre; tourist’s feedback; touristic discourse; virtual discourse; evaluative discourse
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Comparative-historical, typological and comparative linguistics
Prosodemics and prosodic semiosis in the theory of language contacts
The results of the experimental and phonetic research of prosodemics of the interfering prosodic system of the English language by Russian bilinguals show some peculiarities characteristic for the Russian language including the absence of tone steepness in low fall at the core syllable in the final syntagma; the tendency to descending tone on unstressed syllables in general questions; zigzag tonal variety of the scale instead of the descending one, etc.
Key words: просодия; просодемика; просодический семиозис; коммуникация; билингвизм; теория языковых контактов
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Correlation of explicitness and implicitness in autotranslation
There are analyzed the moments of divergence in Russian and author’s translated English texts based on the story by V.V. Nabokov “Spring in Fialta”. There is stated that the typical cases of deliberate neutralization of the nationally marked Russian expression include cultural allusions incomprehensible for English readers, ways of shortening the distance by means of diminutive suffixes and change of themes tabulated for Americans to their euphemistic correlates.
Key words: автоперевод; В.В. Набоков; имплицитность; этнокультурная специфика; аллюзии; autotranslation; V.V. Nabokov; impliciteness; ethnocultural specificity; allusions
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“Eyes” and “mouth” in the history of the Russian poetry and their translations into the Kazakh language
There is traced the evolution of the poetic words “eyes” and “mouth” in the history of the Russian poetry, summarized the works devoted to the research of the poetic language. Based on the translations of the poetic works by A.S. Pushkin there are considered the ways of translation of the stylistically marked archaisms into the Kazakh language and the possibility of keeping their semantic and stylistic peculiarity.
Key words: «очи»; «уста»; поэтизм; описательный способ перевода; стилистическая окраска; русский язык; казахский язык; “eyes”; “mouth”; poetic word; descriptive translation; stylistic mark; the Russian language; the Kazakh language
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Function of suffixes in the process of speech creation
There is considered one of the affixes types that appear as the result of partial desemantization of the component of composition. There is shown how affixes take part in speech creation; it determines the productive type of derivation in the Ingush language.
Key words: аффиксоид; суффиксоид; пропозиция; дериватема. морфоид; аддитивная модель; affix; suffix; proposition; derived theme; morphoid; additive model
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Definitional characteristics of the concept “boast” in the Russian and French linguistic cultures
There are considered the definitional characteristics of the concept “boast” in the Russian and French linguistic cultures, which denote constant communi- cation, egocentrism, excessiveness, lie.
Key words: концепт; коммуникация; хвастовство; дефиниционные; характеристики; concept; communication; boast; definitional characteristics; linguistic culture
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Вопросы германистики
Varieties of the English language: regional and social forms
There is shown how regional and social language varieties relate to each other and reflect the interference of the territorial and socio-economic factors. The territorial and social dialects do not possess any special characteristics being different in inventory and quantitative characteristics. These language forms are rather mobile and show the tendency to the literary language forms.
Key words: маркер; сленг; социальный диалект; территориальный диалект; литературный язык; marker; slang; social dialect; territorial dialect; literary language
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Role of metaphor and metonymy in formation of early English and late English political terminology
There are characterized the political terms of early English and late English periods that reflect the political and social processes. The suggested examples are analyzed in the light of the modern conceptions of the processes of metaphorization and metonymization and make a particular contribution to the study of the diachronic development of political terminology.
Key words: метафора; метонимия; политический термин; значение слова; диахрония; metaphor; metonymy; political term; word meaning; diachronic
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Place of parametrical adjectives in interpretations of animals (based on the dictionary by A.S. Hornby “The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”)
There is characterized the role of parametrical adjectives in dictionary descriptions of animals. There is shown that the most particular belongs to the adjectives large and small, which note both the general impression of the animal and its particular features. There are discussed the issues of parametrical standards, graduation and place of parametrical adjectives in the attributive line.
Key words: лексикография; толковый словарь; дефиниция; параметр; имя прилагательное; зооним; lexicography; explanatory dictionary; definition; parameter; adjective; zoonym
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Evaluative nomination of a person (based on the English pejorative suffixes)
There is considered the issue of evaluation as the integral part of human cognitive activity, as well as the forms of its reflection in language. The research is based on the linguistic units that name a person, formed with pejorative suffixes, which, along with dictionary marks, are one of the core elements in evaluative nomination of a person.
Key words: оценка; пейоративность; пейоративные суффиксы; семантический компонент значения; языковая личность; evaluation; pejorative suffixes; semantic component of the meaning; language personality
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Issues of translation of Americanisms in the British fiction texts into Russian (based on N. Hornby’s novels)
There are analyzed the Americanisms in the novels by N. Hornby and their correspondence in Russian translations. There is noted the following in translation of Americanisms: absence of the equivalent in the text of translation, choice of lexically irrelevant equivalent, choice of the equivalent from a different national and territorial language variant, as well as inaccurate style qualification of the lexeme.
Key words: американизм; художественный текст; переводоведческий аспект; Americanism; fiction text; translation aspect
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Problems of Russian Studies
Word formative models “вы + иск”, “под + иск” and “пере + иск” in the context of the search business language of the XVIII-XIX centuries
There are analyzed the word formative models “вы + иск”, “под + иск” and “пере + иск” typical for the texts of business written language of the XVIII-XIX centuries in the context of developing the pattern of the search business language. The research is based on the linguistic sources study approach to written context investigation.
Key words: розыскной деловой язык; диахроническое словообразование; словообразовательные модели; лингвоисточниковедение; search business language; diachronic word formation; word formative patterns; linguistic sources study
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Parceling as the peculiarity of syntax in the modern journalism
There is considered the use in the media syntax of parceled expressions which are represented by parceled constructions (punctuation and intonation division of theme and rheme). There is stated the parceling of expressions by paragraphs.
Key words: парцелляция; расчлененные конструкции; парцеллят; высказывание; тема; рема; экономичность; дистинктность; parceling; parceled constructions; parceled part; expression; theme; rheme; economy; distinctness
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Linguocultural marker “Paris” in phraseological nomination
There is analyzed the communicative potential of the signs of the indirect derivative nomination with the linguocultural marker “Paris”. In particular, phrasegraphically fixed units are compared to speech units that actualize the stereotypic notions of Russian language native speakers about Paris.
Key words: фразеологическая единица; лингвокультурный маркер; инокультурный концепт; стереотип; коммуникативный потенциал; phraseological unit; linguocultural marker; foreign culture concept; stereotype; communicative potential
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To the issue of typological peculiarities of pleonasms in the Russian language of the XXI century
There is considered the place and role of pleonasms in the Russian language of the XXI century, as well as the peculiarities of their functioning in oral and written speech of a modern Russian language personality. Based on the analysis of the language material there is made the attempt to create the typology of pleonastic units with consideration of the semantics, structure, syntactic relations and correlations between the components.
Key words: плеоназм; структурная модель; лексическая избыточность; речевая культура; pleonasm; structure model; lexical redundancy; speech culture
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Dominants of the stereotypic image “something” in the Russian linguistic mind (by the material of the directed associated experiment)
There is considered the issue of the possibility of fixation by the indefinite pronoun something of a stereotypic image. The information of the directed associated experiment was used for it. As the result of the reaction analysis there were revealed the frequently dominating signs of something. Their repetition allowed the conclusion that the pronoun something, in spite of its directivity and indefiniteness, presupposes some stereotypic image.
Key words: направленный ассоциативный эксперимент; частотные доминанты; стереотипный образ; что-то; directed associated experiment; frequent dominants; stereotypic image; something
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Вопросы диалектологии и региональной лингвистики
Names of an insatiable person by the means of the Don dialect
There are considered the nominations of an insatiable person in the Don Cossack dialects, revealed the etymology of some particular names. There is made the comparison with the names of an insatiable person in the Russian dialects of other territories and in the literary language.
Key words: русский литературный язык; русские народные говоры; донской диалект; номинации ненасытного человека; Russian literary language; Russian folk dialects; Don dialect; nominations of an insatiable person
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Somatic vocabulary as the means of reflecting the anthropomorphic cultural code (based on the Don Cossack dialects)
There are described the somatic units of the Don dialect (some lexemes and fixed combinations), which are the basic component of the language world picture of the Cossacks and reflect its anthropocentric orientation.
Key words: языковая картина мира; антропоморфный культурный код; соматизмы; диалект; донские казачьи говоры; language world picture; anthropomorphic cultural code; somatic words; dialect; Don Cossack dialects
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Zoomorphisms in the language world picture of the Don Cossacks
There is considered the zoomorphic vocabulary and phrases of the Don Cossack dialects. There are revealed the semantic and ethnic linguocultural peculiarities of zoomorphisms characterizing a person, subjects and realities. There are found out the main reasons for comparison of a person with animals, revealed the mechanisms of metaphors creating.
Key words: донские казачьи говоры; диалектная языковая картина мира; зооморфизм; метафорическая модель; Don Cossack dialects; dialectal language world picture; zoomorphism; metaphoric pattern
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Means and ways of realization of the semantic opposition “many - little” in the regional folklore
There is considered the issue of the use of language units with quantitative semantics, as well as the means and ways of their implementation in the regional folklore texts.
Key words: семантическая оппозиция; «много - мало»; количество; фольклор; категория; нумеративное значение; semantic opposition; “many - little”; quantity; folklore; category; numerical meaning
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Изучение языка художественных текстов
Language peculiarity of the story by A.I. Kuprin “The Telegrapher”
There are described the language peculiarities of the story by A.I. Kuprin “The Telegrapher”. There is noted that the basis of the work is the contrast as the text forming technique.
Key words: художественный текст; лингвистический анализ; идиостиль; fiction text; linguistic analysis; idiostyle
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Semantics of the lexeme “love” in the story by L.N. Tolstoy “The Kreutzer Sonata”
There are considered the semantic peculiarities of the field “love” in the story by L.N. Tolstoy “The Kreutzer Sonata”. This lexical unit implements the wide spectrum of implicit meanings relevant for Tolstoy’s thought of the end of 1880s and relating to physical and spiritual origins.
Key words: семантика; любовь; хронотоп; сема; смысл; значение; semantics; love; chronotop; seme; sense; meaning
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Semantic field “Movement” as the way of organization of verbs of movement and displacement in fiction texts (based on the works by V. Belov)
There is made the attempt to analyze the semantic field “Movement” in fiction texts. There are considered the works by V.I. Belov. There is researched the structure of the semantic field by the example of the main constituents of the field - verbs of movement and displacement, as well as phraseological units meaning movement.
Key words: семантическое поле; ЛСГ; центр; периферия; глаголы движения; semantic field; centre; periphery; verbs of movement
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Cognitive modeling of expressions with mimesis in the dramaturgic discourse (based on the English dramaturgy of the XX century)
There is considered the frequent but insufficiently studied speech phenomenon of mimesis that is of interest from the position of cognitive modeling. As the dominant of the phenomenon is dialogue, the empiric material is represented by dramaturgic texts.
Key words: мимезис; драматургический дискурс; конфликт; когнитивная миметическая модель; коммуникативный потенциал; прагматика; mimesis; dramaturgic discourse; conflict; cognitive mimetic model; communicative potential; pragmatics
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Actual problems of literary criticism
Legends of the saint and Life as the literary work (based on St. John Chrysostom hagiography)
Based on St. John Chrysostom hagiography there is considered the influence of legends of the saint on the literary form of a Life.
Key words: средневековая литература; легенда; агиографическое произведение; житие; литературная форма; medieval literature; legend; hagiography; Life; literary form
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Genre traditions of post-folklore in the poetics of the modern Russian literature
There are considered the genres of post-folklore that reflect the dynamics of the domestic culture and influence the modern Russian literature.
Key words: постмодернизм; постфольклор; современная русская литература; postmodernism; post-folklore; modern Russian literature
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Perception and evaluation of creative work of A.P. Chekhov in Egypt and Iraq
There are characterized the reasons for the interest of Egyptian and Iraqi readers and reviewers to the Russian literature and creative work of Chekhov. There is shown the process of introduction of the Chekhov’s literary heritage and its fate in the Arabic countries. There are determined the peculiarities of the works of the Russian writer essential in the Arabic culture.
Key words: Чехов; Египет; Ирак; проблематика; поэтика; драматургия; критика; Chekhov; Egypt; Iraq; set of issues; poetics; dramaturgy; critics
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Artistic semantics of the ornithological figurativeness of the Russian and Chinese poetry of the first third of the XX century: swallow image
There is revealed the artistic sense of the ornithological figurativeness of the Russian and Chinese poetry by the example of the image of a swallow.
Key words: художественный образ; семантика; поэтика; хронотоп; лирика; artistic image; semantics; poetics; chronotop; lyrics
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Вопросы изучения русской литературы
The rhetorical in the poetics by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
There are described the rhetorical origins in the creative work by Shchedrin as the initiating origins, with dual nature: in various speeches and in the author’s rhetorism. There is proved that the common features of grotesque and stylistics of Shchedrin if the rhetoric controversy with negative proofs.
Key words: Салтыков-Щедрин; антириторика; риторическое мышление; миф; гротеск; Saltykov-Shchedrin; antirhetoric; rhetoric thinking; myth; grotesque
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Poetics of folk theatre in the play by M. Bulgakov “The Purple Island”
At the level of compositions, peculiarities of artistic space and time, system of personages, as well as language peculiarities there is considered the influence of poetics of the folk theatre in the play by M. Bulgakov “The Purple Island”, poetics of folk theatre, influence of folklore.
Key words: Булгаков; «Багровый остров»; поэтика народного театра; влияние фольклора; Bulgakov; “The Purple Island”
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Love and family collisions in the novel by Y.V. Bondarev “The Shore”
There are analyzed the love and family collisions in the novel by Y.V. Bondarev “The Shore” which has not yet been comprehended in literary critics. There is described the author’s conception of love and family, revealed the spiritual sense of confrontation of women’s characters and its role in moral self-determination of the main character of the work.
Key words: любовь; семейные ценности; духовное противостояние; эгоизм; жертвенность; сострадание; love; family values; spiritual confrontation; egoism; sacrifice; sympathy
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Рецензии, хроника
Рецензия на монографию С.Г. Воркачева «Singularia tantum: идеологема “народ” в русской лингвокультуре» (Волгоград: «Парадигма», 2013. 254 с.)
Key words:
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Трубачевская соборная встреча
Key words:
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