The article deals with the active processes of replenishment of the lexical structure of the Russian language of the first quarter of the XXI century: emergence of hyperonyms, hyponyms, synonyms, new words in connection with new phenomena; emergence of new lexemes instead of word combinations; emergence of new lexemes as a result of their transition from their special sphere to the common one; return to the active stock of words which left it earlier; emergence of connected combinations.

The article deals with the lexical semantic group “Sweets” in the Russian language. This lexical semantic group is considered in the diachronic aspect - from the Old Russian period to the modern Russian language. Various changes in the semantics of the lexemes of this group are under consideration in the article.