There are covered the beginnings of the first theatre in Caucasus - the Stavropol Academic Drama Theatre n.a. M.Y. Lermontov. In the historical literature the cause-and-consequence relation is poorly studied. By analyzing the empiric material there is described the significance of the drama art for the sociocultural component of the province town of the XIX century, revealed the grounds for development of the drama spirit and the ideas concerning their implementation. There is shown that the drama art played the fundamental role in the city culture formation and favoured the idea, moral and artistic education of the North Caucasus society of the XIX century.