There is given the analysis of the history of paleoanthropology of the Sarmatia tribes living in the South Russian steppes in the early Iron Age period. Special attention is paid to the review of the works devoted to the research in the sphere of some applied scientific areas of the physical anthropology: osteology, demography and paleopathology. The historiographic research showed that since the end of the XX century scientists have been using alternative methods along with the classical methods of bone remains analysis. At present the future of the domestic physical anthropology is in complex interdisciplinary research that combines the results of natural science and humanities.