There is attempted to represent the logical and grammatical study of the Stoics which unfortunately can be considered only theoretically because nowadays we have only some fragments from the logical works of the representatives of the Ancient Stoics or interpretations of later authors. There is made the conclusion that many logical ideas of this philosophic school are conformable to the modern syntactic science. There can be marked out such ideas as sentence dominant, complete and incomplete sentence, types of sentences according to its structure, purpose etc.