There is described the view of a Russian politician and historian Pavel Nikolaevich Milukov (1859-1943) on the Russian literature of the XIX century. There are revealed the fundamentals of his conception of Russian culture originality and their influence on the development of the Russian literature as a whole and especially in the period of the “golden century”. There is found out the influence of P.N. Milukov’s conception on establishment and development of the new “culturological” approaches in study both of Russian culture and of Russian history.