There are defined the reasons of ideological base comparison and identification in training and education in the USSR and Germany, given the definition of ideological youth training, regarded its common and different traits at the USSR and German youth in the period of 1930 - 1945. In the historical and pedagogical analysis the author relies on the papers of the USSR and German ideologists (A.S.Bubnov, M.I.Kalinin, N..Krupskaya, A.C.Makarenko, I.V.Stalin, A.Baumler, A.Hitler, F.Loytloff, E.Krik, G.Schemm).