The article considers the data on the main demographic indicators of the Stalingrad region in the period of its post-war reconstruction and subsequent developmen (population size, natural increase, birth rate, death rate, gender and age structure of the population). The factors that influenced the demographic processes in the study period are analyzed.

The article deals with the legal framework of social protection of mothers with many children and single mothers in 1943 - beginning of the 1950s. It describes the main directions of work of local authorities and the public of the Stalingrad region in this period: payment of state benefits and financial support, awarding of mothers with many children, provision of food and housing, assistance in raising children, health care.

Based on the archival documentary material, the article deals with the work of public authorities and movements on social support of veterans and peoplewith disabilities. It represents actual and statistic materials which allow finding out the role of the state in raising the standards of living of the population of Stalingrad and the region. The forms of social supportof veterans and their families are characterized.

The article deals with the basic determinants of the USSR social policy in the postwar period. The information concerning awarding mothers of many children is represented: the title “Heroine Mother”, the order “Maternal Glory”, “Maternal Medal”. The author describes the process of implementation of legislation in this sphere by local authorities in the 1945 - early 1950s.

There is analyzed the legal basis for women’s labour protection in the USSR, as well as its changes because of the war period. By the example of Stalingrad industrial organizations there is shown the work of trade union organizations in this sphere; found out the breach of the law in women’s labour protection in the 1943 - beginning of the 1950s.

There is shown the public policy in reconstruction and development of the system of women’s and children’s health protection in the Stalingrad region in the course of implementation of the forth five-year-plan of development of the national economy of the USSR. There are revealed the positive tendencies of the growth of the qualitative and quantitative factors of services, in the sphere of health care and preschool education in the urban and rural areas. There are revealed and characterized the issues in development of the system of maternity and childhood protection.

There is shown the legislation basis for social support of women having many children and single mothers, veterans widows in 1943 - beginning of 1950s. There is analyzed the work of local authorities in the basic directions of social support of women in the investigated period in the Stalingrad region.