The article deals with the speech act “oath” from the point of axiology. It covers the cognitive and communicative parameters of this speech act that allow regarding it as a source of axiological information. The authors carry out the comparative analysis of the forms of presentation of the speech act “oath” in the Russian and Czech linguistic cultures. It identifies the values, which are referred to by native speakers.

The article deals with Czech and Russian heartonyms formed by the nominative model “adjective+day”. The invariant onomasiological signs of the onomastic units are described;thecharacteristics of adjectives denoting these signs are given.

The article deals with the views of scientists on paradigmatic relations of onyms. It describes synonymy, antonymy and homonymy of geortonyms in the Czech and Russian linguistic cultures.

There is covered one of the processes of proper names origins - borrowings. There is considered the geography of loanwords in Czech and Russian heteronomy.

There is shown the establishment of geortonyms, tendencies of development and spheres of influence in the onomastic field and outside its limits.